The Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS)

SUMMARY

The Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS; Bride, Robinson, Yegidis, & Figley, 2004) is an easy to administer 17-itemself-report measure of secondary trauma. Bride et al. (2004) reported a measure of three domains of traumatic stress specifically associated with secondary exposure to trauma: intrusion, avoidance, and arousal. The STSS was reported to have high levels of internal consistency reliability and indicated evidence of convergent, discriminant, and factorial validity. The purpose of this paper is to examine the reliability and validity of the STSS with a national, random sample of mental health social workers. To assess the fit of the data to the three-factor structure proposed by Bride et al., a confirmatory factor analysis was performed on data from 275 social workers who indicated exposure to client trauma. The model fit the data adequately although high factor intercorrelations strongly suggest a unidimensional scale. Subsequent confirmatory factor analysis of a unidimensional scale and a second order factor analysis yielded similar results. Findings indicate the need for further scale validation. Challenges remain for measuring and distinctly differentiating between secondary trauma symptoms of arousal, avoidance, and intrusion. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.     

Case–control genome-wide joint association study using semiparametric empirical model and approximate Bayes factor

We propose a semiparametric approach for the analysis of case–control genome-wide association study. Parametric components are used to model both the conditional distribution of the case status given the covariates and the distribution of genotype counts, whereas the distribution of the covariates are modelled nonparametrically. This yields a direct and joint modelling of the case status, covariates and genotype counts, and gives a better understanding of the disease mechanism and results in more reliable conclusions. Side information, such as the disease prevalence, can be conveniently incorporated into the model by an empirical likelihood approach and leads to more efficient estimates and a powerful test in the detection of disease-associated SNPs. Profiling is used to eliminate a nuisance nonparametric component, and the resulting profile empirical likelihood estimates are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. For the hypothesis test on disease association, we apply the approximate Bayes factor (ABF) which is computationally simple and most desirable in genome-wide association studies where hundreds of thousands to a million genetic markers are tested. We treat the approximate Bayes factor as a hybrid Bayes factor which replaces the full data by the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of interest in the full model and derive it under a general setting. The deviation from Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) is also taken into account and the ABF for HWE using cases is shown to provide evidence of association between a disease and a genetic marker. Simulation studies and an application are further provided to illustrate the utility of the proposed methodology.     

近代上海远东国际汇兑中心的形成

综观历史上重要的国际汇兑中心的发展轨迹,虽各自所处的背景和优势不同,但一般而言,影响一个地区成为国际汇兑中心的最为主要的条件有三:经济规模、金融因素和政治环境。至20世纪二三十年代,上海正是具备了相当数量的汇兑业务量、一定数量的国际汇兑办理机构、品种齐全的汇兑业务种类、符合国际惯例的汇价体系、外汇管制的全面放开等特殊历史条件,与远东唯一的金市场、大条银市场相互套做,形成多角汇兑关系,成为远东汇兑市场之中心,在空间和功能上对伦敦、纽约等欧美国际金融中心起补充作用。上海外汇市场成为远东汇兑市场之中心,次于伦敦、纽约,而成为世界三大汇兑市场之一。     

Generic charisma - Conceptualization and measurement

In these times, when fame is available to almost anyone, it is worth being able to measure the extent and dimensions of a person's charisma. Most of the research on charisma to date is restricted to the area of leadership. In this article, however, charisma is generalized to take in all human beings and is conceptualized as a multi-dimensional cognitive-affective phenomenon. The article presents a pilot study aimed at providing an adequate operational definition of the construct as well as an initial tool for its measurement. A following literature review shows how authors have developed the concept of charisma and its initial operational dimensions for empirical research. A questionnaire is developed in three stages. The factor analyses applied in stages two and three point towards a six-factor solution (i.e. six dimensions of charisma). Further analysis reveals that the developed instrument is reliable and viable as well as applicable for future theoretical and practical work.     

跨国并购与我国企业技术进步的相关性分析

近年来，跨国并购逐渐成为我国企业国际化发展以及构建核心竞争能力的重要途径，而跨国并购能否对我国企业的技术进步起到积极的作用则成为理论研究的热点问题。针对此，采用全要素指标体系，分析了1991~2007年全要素增长率与跨国并购增长率之间的关系，认为:跨国并购的变化对技术进步具有一定的影响关系，但是由于技术并购在对外投资中的比重偏低，过分重视了技术的引进，忽视了技术的吸收消化过程等因素的影响，因此这种影响的效果并不显著。     

石油企业自主创新联盟的影响因素分析

资源及能力的有限性使得企业在自主创新过程中将面临巨大的风险,而自主创新联盟有助于企业通过知识、技术等资源的互补实现关键技术的突破,以达到共赢。故以石油企业为例,在定性分析的基础上,提出影响石油企业自主创新联盟的主要因素,通过因子分析及信度检验,认为利益、风险、伙伴关系、行业环境及潜在能力是影响石油企业自主创新联盟的主要因素。     

企业技术创新的风险研究

技术创新是一项高风险的活动,本文对技术创新中存在的风险因素及其在各阶段的主要表现进行了系统的分析和论述,并提出了风险防范的几项措施.     

全球网络银行的发展与中国网络银行发展战略

作为一种全新的银行革命产物,网络银行发展目前尚存在许多争议,但发展态势锋头甚利,且对传统银行业形成冲击和挑战.我国银行如何利用这场革命的优势,以便在未来发展中获取更大的成功,应该引起人们广泛的关注.     

增值税减税能否提高制造业企业全要素生产率？——基于增值税税率下调事件的经验研究

深化税制改革是激发市场主体活力、加快制造业转型、实现经济高质量发展的重要路径。基于2016—2020年中国沪深A股上市公司数据,研究了2018年和2019年增值税税率下调对制造业企业全要素生产率的影响。研究发现,增值税减税提高了制造业企业的全要素生产率。异质性分析结果显示,对于市场竞争地位高、国有产权、处于成熟期以及高市场化地区的企业而言,增值税减税对全要素生产率的提升效应显著。渠道分析表明,研发投入、人力资本投入以及资本配置效率是增值税减税影响企业全要素生产率的主要渠道。因此,政府部门应继续深化增值税改革,缩小制造业与其他行业的税率差异,切实减轻制造业企业税收负担,同时应加大对民营、初创等弱势企业的财政扶持力度,全面提高各类企业的全要素生产率。